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Ledos
Joined: Mon Jul 17, 2006 6:05 am

#176 Post by Ledos »

Tommaso wrote:Does anyone know why exactly Patalas/Koerber opted for 24fps after apparently trying out several projection speeds?
I'm not sure what speed the film restoration was intended for, but all DVD releases are 25 fps. I have seen Enno Patalas quoted somewhere as saying this was the original premiere speed, but it should perhaps be taken with a grain of salt. Elsewhere I've seen 26 fps mentioned, and 25 fps is rather unusual.

Anyway, the 25 fps is a compromise between the Gottfried Huppertz score, which was apparently written with 28 fps in mind, and the speed where natural walking occurs which is 20 fps. Plus it's pretty close to the premiere speed. The opportunity of making a PAL transfer with no speed correction might also have played a role in choosing that speed.

In my opinion Metropolis plays too fast on the DVD's and it should probably have been 20 fps - but then a new score would have to be written since the Huppertz one would be unusable.
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HerrSchreck
Joined: Sun Sep 04, 2005 3:46 pm

#177 Post by HerrSchreck »

chollyp wrote:And thank you Herr Schreck for your earlier comments, both on not copulating with the director's vision and on the limitations of our current video delivery systems. Unfortunately, the latter places constraints on the former. Murnau's vision may have been 18fps but as there are no "blended" frames on the 35mm print (at least there aren't any on my Super 8mm print), he also must've intended a non-smeared or non-ghosted presentation. But given the constraints of our video systems, some compromise must be made. Maintain the speed and compromise image quality or slightly vary the speed and improve picture quality. It is a rhetorical point. Murnau died before having to deal with issues like this. I don't know which he would've preferred. I would personally choose image.

To Tommaso's comments, I do not blame MoC for any of these issues. They get the video masters they get and do they best they can with them, even going as far as removing pulldown and other anomalies in order to provide the best presentation of the product as is possible. They seem to have a great working knowledge of video processing, frame rates, standards conversions, pulldown, etc unlike another company (whose name rhymes with Vino). I appreciate their efforts greatly...although they are costing me a boatload of money in DVD purchases. I may have to take out a second mortgage.
Quite the contrary, I don't think it's a rhetorical point, I think it's an ironclad rule that you don't mess with the physical characteristics of contemporary art, let alone museum pieces. Murnau intented a tempo, a sense of rhythm, images to flash in succession, sometimes to hold for a specific length and for a reason. He made the film to run a certain length of time. He wanted actors and horses to walk or run at a certain pace. He might have even shouted "CUT! Take it a little slower/faster this time.." The same way the only time Jean Gabin ever saw Renoir openly lose his temper on set in front of people was when a cinematographer told an actor what to do ("Yo do not EVER tell these people what to do... they do not ever make movements to Suit You; you exist to serve them, to service what they do... if something is not working you speak to me, not to them!!!"), the world of technogeekism should never seek to subordinate the world of art to it's own demands. It should be patently and vehemently, fiercely the other way around, with instantly replaceable technicians never ever ever making independent decisions that will override-without-consultation the work that has given them a job in the first place. I'd fire on the spot without fucking question the telecine operator who dared even suggest such a thing for a "definitive, ultimate" edition like this, with the original score restored, etc. I'd jettison him into the stratosphere because there is something very basic about "restored", and "authoritative", that he doesn't understand, as he has drowned himself so deeply in his visions of Possible Technical Nirvana, that he has forgotten where he works and what his duty to the deceased director, the public, and history (and the dvd label/restoration house) is.

If technology is in such a state whereby the delivery of pristine uncombed images in the original projection speed is not yet possible owing to frame rates and video fields, then it's just not possible to watch the film from a progressively encoded disc yet. To look at the glorious results of Transit/Kino/Moc, all of whom did impressive backflips with their masters with some fantastic results all round (and this is really the wrong thread to bash Kino on, considering the pal nativity of the transfer that constituted the usual strike against them in this scenario, and the incredible, at times superior-appearing, results of their authoring, which we've all been applauding) and be unsatisfied enough to wish they sped up and corrupted the film by shortening it's length so that progressive encoding is possible, in my view-- and this is only my view-- you should question where you are deriving your satisfaction. It sounds like you may be a bit more technologically involved, than cinematically involved.
RidgeShark
Joined: Sun Nov 04, 2007 5:36 pm

#178 Post by RidgeShark »

I do not understand why these discs cannot be progressive. A blending of frames is necessary to maintain smooth motion while converting 18fps to 50i or 60i, correct? Why not just use the same method of slightly blending frames and convert the framerate to progressive 23.976fps or 25fps?
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Tommaso
Joined: Fri May 19, 2006 2:09 pm

#179 Post by Tommaso »

Ledos wrote:Anyway, the 25 fps is a compromise between the Gottfried Huppertz score, which was apparently written with 28 fps in mind, and the speed where natural walking occurs which is 20 fps. Plus it's pretty close to the premiere speed. The opportunity of making a PAL transfer with no speed correction might also have played a role in choosing that speed.

In my opinion Metropolis plays too fast on the DVD's and it should probably have been 20 fps - but then a new score would have to be written since the Huppertz one would be unusable.
Thanks, Ledos. But now I'm totally confused. Huppertz actually WROTE the score with 28fps in mind? How could this be, as 28fps would be a completely unusual frame rate, then as now? And as I said, I saw "Metropolis" at 20fps WITH the Huppertz score both live and on TV and it fitted perfectly. In any case, even if Huppertz had made a mistake with the frame rate way back then, it would have been better to correct the music (playing it slower, repeating some bits occasionally as they did with the Meisel score for the new "Potemkin" resto) than to mess with Lang's images.

I very much fear that they chose 25fps for what you describe as "making a PAL transfer without speed correction". Thus it could be progressive so that the technical-minded people at the Beaver and elsewhere who check their disc to find out whether it's interlaced or not would be happy, and all the reviews would be purely laudatory. Saying that 25 fps was the original speed just doesn't appear very credible to me. Correct me, but if I'm not mistaken even the later Lang films, "Spione" and "Frau im Mond" run at 20fps.
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HerrSchreck
Joined: Sun Sep 04, 2005 3:46 pm

#180 Post by HerrSchreck »

Tommaso wrote:[correct the music (playing it slower, repeating some bits occasionally as they did with the Meisel score for the new "Potemkin" resto) than to mess with Lang's images.
This may be what you have meant, but the stretching of the Meisel score had nothing to do with the frame rate, which was duplicated via interlacing, but the fact that they had to fill spaces not onscreen during the Berlin, censored, premeire verson (this versus the full cut of the film which the Meisel what not long enough to correspond to). So a length issue, not a tempo issue..
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Tommaso
Joined: Fri May 19, 2006 2:09 pm

#181 Post by Tommaso »

Yes, that's a difference of course to "Metropolis". Both repetition of passages or a slower tempo would have been possible with Huppertz, depending on how much the music would underline or directly mimic the 'rhythm' (both editingwise and actionwise) of what is happening on screen. Pity I don't have that slower VHS recording from TV anymore, it would be interesting to find out whether there are any differences in the music or whether they simply slowed down the final master for it, which then should have resulted in a lower tuning probably.
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HerrSchreck
Joined: Sun Sep 04, 2005 3:46 pm

#182 Post by HerrSchreck »

Of course what nobody's mentioning is the Hupperz is bastardized/butchered anyhow since the film is 1/3 lost, so...
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markhax
Joined: Sat Oct 20, 2007 9:42 pm

#183 Post by markhax »

HerrSchreck wrote:Of course what nobody's mentioning is the Hupperz is bastardized/butchered anyhow since the film is 1/3 lost, so...
About 1/4 of the film is lost, but the excellent Studienausgabe, or study edition put out by the Universität der Künste in Berlin last year (and not available commercially) has the entire score, played by a piano. Where footage is missing the screen is blank and there are links that say what the missing scenes were, using Huppertz's copy of the screenplay, which is the only one that survives. But the score is cued to the scenes of the film and has been used to reconstruct it the missing parts. The edition also includes a PDF file of Huppertz's copy of the screenplay.

According to the booklet in the study edition, the 1927 projection speed for the film was 24 fps, which was increased to 25 for the digital edition. According to Paolo Cherchi Usai's book on silent film, 24 fps became the norm by the second half of the 1920s.

Perhaps this has been discussed somewhere in another thread--if so, apologies for the repetition.
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Tommaso
Joined: Fri May 19, 2006 2:09 pm

#184 Post by Tommaso »

markhax wrote:According to Paolo Cherchi Usai's book on silent film, 24 fps became the norm by the second half of the 1920s.
That may well be, but it doesn't necessarily mean that Lang actually INTENDED to have the film played at 24fps when he shot it.

Somewhat obliquely related to this: Vertov's "Man with a camera" was also projected at sound speed when it was first shown in Germany, and in this case they at least asked Vertov whether it was okay with him, as they were aware that the film was shot at a slower speed originally. Vertov gave his approval, as he liked the faster speed apparently, and it has been projected at 24fps ever since. But with Lang we just don't know what he thought about it. The pure fact that the premiere speed was 24fps doesn't make it authoritative for me when it comes to screening it nowadays (and even less so for a 'definitive' dvd edition). The shortcomings of the faster speed are all too obvious in this case.
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markhax
Joined: Sat Oct 20, 2007 9:42 pm

#185 Post by markhax »

Tommaso wrote:
markhax wrote:According to Paolo Cherchi Usai's book on silent film, 24 fps became the norm by the second half of the 1920s.
That may well be, but it doesn't necessarily mean that Lang actually INTENDED to have the film played at 24fps when he shot it.
I take your point. The whole issue remains puzzling to me.

I have looked into various sources on this. According to Michael Organ's great website on Metropolis, the film was SHOT at 16 fps, but at the premiere it was possibly shown at 26 fps, a HUGE difference. Elsaesser, in his BFI monograph, says the running time varied from 160 to 220 minutes, but the evidence I have seen indicates that it was never as long as three hours. At the January 10 premiere, and the subsequent run immediately thereafter, at the Ufa Pavillon at Nollendorf Platz, which also included Huppertz's score, the running time was under three hours. The one review of the premiere I have seen that refers to length complains that "the performance lasted 2 1/2 hours. Exactly one hour too long." The tone of exasperation suggests that had it been longer, the critic ('R. A.' of the communist 'Rote Fahne') certainly would have noticed! At Nollendorf Platz, where the film ran until May of 1927 before it was withdrawn because of poor box office, the showtimes on weekends were at 3, 6, and 9, which suggests that it was around 2 1/2 hours.

As for Lang's intentions, for me the big question is Huppertz's score. He was very much part of the Lang team (he had done the score for Nibelungen), and all the evidence I have seen suggests that they worked closely together. Presumably he wrote the score with the faster projection speed in mind. Of course there are recordings of works by Bruckner and Mahler where performance times may vary as much as 20% between conductors, and yet the music still works.

Since Lang's cost overruns on Metropolis had driven Ufa into the ground, was he forced to compromise on the projection speed to shorten the running film? But where the Berlin showing was concerned, there would seem to have been little economic incentive for that. Then again, since the film was produced under the Parufamet agreement, and was slated for imminent American distribution with hopes of recovering a large share of its cost, perhaps the faster running speed was an attempt to reduce the running time of the film without cutting it. Of course in the end it was drastically cut.
chollyp
Joined: Mon Nov 26, 2007 4:57 pm

#186 Post by chollyp »

There is an interesting article by Kevin Brownlow located here http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/boo ... 8_kb_2.htm which goes to show that this whole messy frame rate business was occuring long before DVDs were ever dreamed of. The article includes a list of films, the rate they were shot in...and the rate they were meant to be projected in! Unfortunately, Metropolis isn't in the list so that mystery won't be cracked here.

Brownlow mentions the difficulties in transferring silent clips for the Hollywood documentary. Hollywood was scheduled for DVD release by Network and was suddenly dropped due to rights issues. That is a damn shame. :cry:
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markhax
Joined: Sat Oct 20, 2007 9:42 pm

#187 Post by markhax »

Many thanks for this really interesting article by Brownlow. It's noteworthy that of the 18 listed films from 1925 and after, all but two have a projection speed of 24 fps--it conforms to Usai's point about 24 fps becoming standard by the second half of the 1920s, in the twilight years of silent cinema.

Does anyone know of any articles like this that list European films?

As an experiment, using WinDVD on my computer, I ran Metropolis at .8 speed, which would be the equivalent of 20 fps, since the DVD speed is 25 fps. Some scenes look like the actual speed of the filmed action, as with the workers marching to the elevator, but others, such as Freder's fun and games with the tarty ladies in the garden of the Club of the Sons, look sped up, which makes me wonder whether Lang/Freund deliberately varied the camera speed to achieve certain effects, as Murnau/Wagner did in 'Nosferatu' with the speedy coach that picks up Hutter as he approaches Orlok's castle.

By the way, since my previous post I ran across two sources that say that Huppertz wrote a recommended projection speed of 25-27 fps onto his score, which suggests to me that Lang approved of this speed. In his book, 'Metropolis in/aus Trümmern', Enno Patalas gives the original running time as 140 minutes. With a length of 4189 meters, that comes out to 98 feet or a little over 26 frames per second, which is consistent with Huppertz's recommended projection speed.
Ledos
Joined: Mon Jul 17, 2006 6:05 am

#188 Post by Ledos »

Huppertz did indeed write a note regarding the speed on the pages of his score, but as far as I know that speed was 28 fps.

I'm very doubtful that the film was shot at 16 fps. The most natural pace of walking and general rhythm of the scenes appear at about 20 fps. When most scenes look natural at that speed that's most likely the speed at which it was shot - and thus its intended projection speed. If other scenes look too fast they might have been intended so (or the film may indeed have been intended for variable speeds), but 16 seems absurdly slow. Also, 16 fps seems very slow for 1926. I have come across some sites, however, that refer to a pre-premiere in December 1926 that was run at 16 fps.
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skuhn8
Joined: Tue Dec 14, 2004 8:46 pm
Location: Chico, CA

#189 Post by skuhn8 »

This one arrived with broken clips (no surprise with an 80 page book and three weeks being tossed around by postal gorillas!); any word on how to replace one of these? I've never seen a case like this before and suspect Tesco won't be providing these any time soon?
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Tommaso
Joined: Fri May 19, 2006 2:09 pm

#190 Post by Tommaso »

Someone else mentioned this problem before, and after sending Nick a PM, he got a replacement. You might try the same procedure.
For the record: all MoC's with that big size case I received were in perfect condition, so probably you just had bad luck.
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Sloper
Joined: Wed May 30, 2007 2:06 am

#191 Post by Sloper »

What a commentary...

'Look at that.'

Okay, I'm looking.

'Look at that shot.'

I'm there. Hit me.

'That...'

Yes?

'...is one of the most terrifying shots in German...'

Gosh, not in German?

'...in all cinema...'

Crikey.

'...that frightening...'

Oh it is frightening, you have to say that for it.

'...shadow...'

Oooooooooooo!!!

'...on the wall...'

You know, he's right? That's exactly where it is. Right there on the wall.

'...grasping...'

A lot like a hand.

'...corrupting...'

Ah, a deeper implication I hadn't previously considered.

'...of course, in the novel vampires don't have shadows...'

Not sure about that, and neither is Brad Stevens...but:

'...well they don't cast reflections...but Orlock does, so...'

So what? So he does in the film. So what?

'That's right.'

I don't mean to be churlish about this wonderful DVD, but would it have been so much trouble for R. Dixon Smith (whose writing usually isn't halfway bad) and Brad Stevens to have done a little bit of homework before sitting down to record this complete waste of time? I came away from it feeling like I actually knew less about Nosferatu than I had done 90 minutes earlier.

And yet they seem to have won the non-CC commentary of the year award on this forum for their track on Tabu... I take it that one's much better?
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domino harvey
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Joined: Wed Jan 11, 2006 6:42 pm

#192 Post by domino harvey »

Well in Tabu, instead of pointing out the most terrifying shots, they point out the sexiest
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arsonfilms
Joined: Wed Nov 02, 2005 4:53 pm
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#193 Post by arsonfilms »

domino harvey wrote:Well in Tabu, instead of pointing out the most terrifying shots, they point out the sexiest
...and now I've just canceled my dinner reservations. I'll be staying in tonight.
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Tommaso
Joined: Fri May 19, 2006 2:09 pm

#194 Post by Tommaso »

domino harvey wrote:Well in Tabu, instead of pointing out the most terrifying shots, they point out the sexiest
Which I find far more difficult.
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Sloper
Joined: Wed May 30, 2007 2:06 am

#195 Post by Sloper »

Come to think of it, I learned more about Tabu from this commentary than I did about Nosferatu.

Tabu sounds great - apparently the boat comes in from the other side of the frame in that one...

Master of Cinema indeed.
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Tommaso
Joined: Fri May 19, 2006 2:09 pm

#196 Post by Tommaso »

Sloper wrote:Come to think of it, I learned more about Tabu from this commentary than I did about Nosferatu.
That's probably because they actually seem to have prepared themselves for the "Tabu" commentary, which indeed is rather good. Although they repeated the thing about the boat there....
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sevenarts
Joined: Tue May 09, 2006 11:22 pm
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#197 Post by sevenarts »

My review. I'm not much of a silent fan in general, but this is pretty amazing, even if it does drag at times -- the number of just stunning shots and sequences makes up for it.

And MOC's DVD is great. Looking forward to reading the big booklet today.
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tojoed
Joined: Wed Jan 16, 2008 3:47 pm
Location: Cambridge, England

#198 Post by tojoed »

markhax wrote:Re Nosferatu/Dracula and Murnau/Stoker
Tommaso wrote: To clear this problem up: is/ was there somewhere a publication of the original script?
The 1979 German edition of Lotte Eisner's standard monograph on Murnau includes the screenplay. All I have seen is the English translation of the screenplay, available on the web, and it doesn't include the opening title cards, only the intertitles.

Just to clear this up. I have the English translation of Lotte Eisner's "Murnau", and both the screenplay and the title cards of all the copies she'd seen
said "Based on the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker and freely adapted by Henrik Galeen" (translation).
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ellipsis7
Joined: Tue Nov 02, 2004 5:56 pm
Location: Dublin

#199 Post by ellipsis7 »

Just to clear this up. I have the English translation of Lotte Eisner's "Murnau", and both the screenplay and the title cards of all the copies she'd seen
said "Based on the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker and freely adapted by Henrik Galeen" (translation).[/quote]

I'm not sure this title card is original - Murnau based his film on Bram Stoker's 'Dracula', but it was a copyright infringement, so he changed the name to NOSFERATU, trying to obscure the connection - having not been asked to or not having given permission, Florence Stoker, Bram's widow, sued and tried to destroy the negative and suppress the film...
Last edited by ellipsis7 on Mon Sep 01, 2008 8:54 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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tojoed
Joined: Wed Jan 16, 2008 3:47 pm
Location: Cambridge, England

#200 Post by tojoed »

ellipsis7 wrote:I'm not sure this title card is original
These are the title cards that Eisner had seen in prints supplied by Henri Langlois at the Cinematheque Francaise. Would they not be original?

Also the script as published in the book is Murnau's own copy, given to her by Robert Plumpe Murnau and translated by Gertrud Mander.
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