Auteur Guide, Volume Three. Same caveats as before. Recommended titles in
RED
JOSEPH ANTHONY
the Rainmaker (1956) R1 Paramount (OOP)
the Matchmaker (1958) R1 Paramount (OOP)
Career (1959) No commercial release
Stage director turned sometimes film director Joseph Anthony has only five films to his name, three in the Fifties and one each for the following two decades. Anthony's work this decade serves as a compliment to fellow stage adaptation helmer Daniel Mann, as both draw from a similar stable of actors and types of adaptations. But whereas Daniel Mann's a skillful technician concerned with practical capture of performance, Anthony's a surprisingly visual director concerned with kinetic presentation of the entire mise en-scene by force if necessary. Anthony doesn't achieve this by aping the more visceral techniques of Welles or Fuller, but his films still have a bite. I'm not familiar with the play
The Rainmaker (1956) is based on, but casting Burt Lancaster as a smooth-talking conman is such a no-brainer that it's a little surprising that the film spends over half the running time hiding him behind Katharine Hepburn's pining spinster-in-training. I don't quite like this one enough to red it, but there's a certain charm to it while it works.
The Matchmaker (1958), however, is an easy sell, a wonderfully self-aware and charming adaptation of the same material used to float
Hello, Dolly! onto screens a decade later. It's a great film even without context, but after seeing Daniel Mann run the Shirley Booth-as-victim machine this decade, it's a nice treat to see her totally prevail over all in her titular performance. Between this and
the Teahouse of the August Moon, Paul Ford proves to be the decade's most valuable buffoon. Also, any film where this transpires can't be oversold:
Anthony loses the game with
Career (1959), though, a rather tired retelling of the same rags to "riches" to rags Broadway story we've seen so many times before and since. Anthony wastes her here but bounces back by reteaming with Shirley MacLaine for a third time next decade with one of the greatest sex comedies of the genre,
All in a Night's Work, so consider this a pre-emptive shout-out for the next decade's list, since I won't be doing an auteur guide for one film!
MELVIN FRANK AND NORMAN PANAMA
the Reformer and the Redhead (1950) No commercial release
Strictly Dishonorable (1951) No commercial release
Callaway Went Thataway (1951) No commercial release
Above and Beyond (1952) R1 Warners Archive
Knock on Wood (1954) R1 Olive
the Court Jester (1956) R1 Paramount (OOP)
That Certain Feeling (1956) No commercial release
the Jayhawkers! (Melvin Frank 1959) R1 Olive
the Trap (Norman Panama 1959) No commercial release
Li'l Abner (Melvin Frank 1959) R1 Paramount (OOP)
Screenwriters turned producer-directors Melvin Frank and Norman Panama specialize in adapting existing material to the specific needs of a given star persona. For a couple of guys responsible for a handful of Bob Hope comedies in the preceding decades, I will not hold skepticism against the unexposed, but it's worth mentioning that the pair is also responsible for scripting such comedic classics as
Mr Blandings Builds His Dream House and
It Had to Be You, the latter of which remains one of the most audacious films, comedy or otherwise, to ever come out of Hollywood. No such hyperbole is merited by the pair's first film as director (worth noting at this juncture that the two always had a hand in either penning or rewriting their scripts, and produced all of their films-- unquestionable auteurs at every stage of the game),
the Reformer and the Redhead (1950), but this quaint comic vehicle for real life couple Dick Powell and June Allyson proves a real lowkey treat, with the best scene coming early in the action as Allyson fist-fights a young Kathleen Freeman and it's that Frank and Panama touch that has her play it real instead of for easy sexist laughs.
Strictly Dishonorable (1951) adopts an old Preston Sturges sex comedy, sanitizes it, and casts Opera star Ezio Pinza opposite "Southern" neophyte Janet Leigh. It's a terribly quaint comedy, but it proved surprisingly entertaining despite its obvious detriments, and Millard Mitchell does a good job in a performance that consists entirely of exasperated reaction shots (Wynn Duffy's genetic ancestor?).
The duo's best film of the fifties, and not coincidentally one of their few wholly original scripts this decade, is
Callaway Went Thataway (1951), a vicious takedown on the Western's early prominence in television reruns at the outset of the new technology's mass-adoptation. The film's tone is so skeptical of the Western and its stars (a genre I love, admittedly) that the film goes out of its way in the third act to lay the sugar on so sweet that no one could get too bothered by what came first. Or so you'd think! The picture ends with a final caveat title card, begging viewers not to get offended, which shows just how worried the studio must have been by this early satiric bite back at the studios and fans. Highly recommended, and proof that Howard Keel can do more than just sing and look handsome. The pair get serious on their next film,
Above and Beyond (1952), coaxing an unusually good performance from Robert Taylor as Paul Tibbets, the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb in WWII, as he has to deal with the privacy of his mission and its impact on his relationship with his wife Eleanor Parker. A superior example of the many films made this decade attempting to make sense of the second word war.
I like Danny Kaye if prompted, but his two films with the pair this decade rank among their least interesting.
Knock on Wood (1954) is definitely the weaker of the two, with a confusing spy plot distracting from the sporadic attempts at comedy-- a real shame given that there are some skillful bits of physical comedy including seatbelts and a ridiculous sequence that finds Kaye's busy hand roving all over a villain's leg. Probably the best-known Frank and Panama film (and Kaye film for that matter) is
the Court Jester (1956), a gentle parody of Flynn's
Robin Hood that features the iconic "Pestle" exchange. Another film that I like, but not quite enough to recommend.
For a duo who worked so closely with Bob Hope early in their career, it's somewhat surprising that they only ended up making one film with the gladhanding star. And it's for the best, since
That Certain Feeling (1956) is rather dreadful. I'm biased in that I can't stand Bob Hope, but I would give the man his due if he were trapped within a film that worked otherwise. He's not and it doesn't. Has exactly one funny scene that lets all involved step out of the safe "Adult Film" genre: Hope enacts revenge on George Sanders' blowhard cartoonist by crafting a fake comic strip wherein Sanders' boy hero robs a bank and commits suicide and then sends the final product to the newspaper syndicate for publication. One of the editors reads the fatalistic strip in disbelief and responds dryly "But that makes him a juvenile delinquent!" No, it makes him dead, but there, now there's no need to sit through this.
Frank and Panama end the decade with a trio of films that replace the star as focal point with genre: a western (
the Jayhawkers! (1959)), a noir (
the Trap (1959)), and a musical (
Li'l Abner (1959)). In addition to this shakeup, for the first time these films, while remaining co-produced and often co-authored, only credit one or the other as director. This strikes me as mere semantics, though, as these are the works of one of the few (only?) true co-directorial auteurships in film history. Of the three, the Western fares the worst by far: the pair proved their disdain for the genre already this decade, and they make no effort to understand or engage the rather lousy material (this, like many of their films, is a rewrite). But the noir and the musical are superb!
The Trap is a great rarity indeed, a color noir that works, and the pair wisely eschew music at many of the film's more heightened moments. Worth seeking out if only for the unforgettable sight of Richard Widmark in a roadster playing chicken with a airplane on the runway! And
Li'l Abner is of course a true masterpiece of the musical genre, one that returns the pair to their earlier satiric heights for a nice finish to the decade.
DANIEL MANN
Come Back, Little Sheba (1952) R1 Paramount (OOP)
About Mrs Leslie (1954) No commercial release
the Rose Tattoo (1955) R1 Paramount (OOP)
I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955) R1 Warners
the Teahouse of the August Moon (1956) R1 Warners
Hot Spell (1958) No commercial release
the Last Angry Man (1959) No commercial release
Daniel Mann, the go-to guy for adaptations of hot properties, Broadway or otherwise, this decade is, as earlier stated, a master of capturing and encouraging great performances by his cast, and this is never any less evident than in his first film,
Come Back, Little Sheba (1952), which led to an Oscar win for Best Actress by Shirley Booth for reprising her Broadway role in her film debut. It may have started Booth down the typecasting road that Mann himself would encourage this decade, but her harried housewife struggling with an abusive lout of a husband remains one of the decade's best and least-Hollywood perfs. The film also netted Terry Moore an Oscar nom for being a ttl qt / the unfortunate object of Burt Lancaster's amorous affections. Mann and Booth reteamed for their misguided followup,
About Mrs. Leslie (1954), a confused and unnecessary mess of a film that romantically pairs Booth up with Robert Ryan (!) and then sticks her in a present-day parade of boarders who treat her like garbage to varying degrees. While the film is mostly worthless, there's some interest to be had in the film's presentation of one of the truly terrible teens I've ever seen (like, Ann Blyth in
Mildred Pierce-level), and her treatment is made all the more interesting in that she receives no comeuppance or punishment from the film-- she's merely a reference-level example of the arrogance and bullheadedness of youth that exists for Booth to shake her head at occasionally.
Mann's next two films are his worst of the decade.
The Rose Tattoo (1955) is a bad
Sheba redux, which despite being a Tennessee Williams adaptation is almost comically identical in structure to Mann's first and superior film. Speaking of comic,
I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955) allows Susan Hayward (in a rare actorly misstep for Mann) to run off the rails in one of the many, many bad drunk performances from this decade. If you can keep from laughing during her "Let's smash every prop on this set" sequence, you have a future as a straight-man in a vaudeville routine.
Mann comes back swinging by expertly handling the hot property of
the Teahouse of the August Moon (1956) and the resultant film is one of the most seminal films of the decade. Indeed, like
Pulp Fiction, one is tempted to grade it on a curve based on how many
bad imitators it inspired in its wake! The film, like the play, slyly and warmly addresses the questions of how America dealt with the immense guilt and mixed emotions of the bombing of Japan. This was a tenuous first step towards accepting with humanity and humility our country's complicity in the actions of the war, and by dressing it up in a very warm and witty construction the pill goes down smooth-- but don't confuse lightness for lack of meaning. This is, underline, one of the three or four most important films of the decade for understanding the complex mindset of 1950s-era America.
Booth is back yet again in
Hot Spell (1958), and in a decade where she was often kicked around, this is probably her cruelest treatment yet as she plays a pathetic homemaker who insists on babying her unfaithful husband (Anthony Quinn, in the Anthony Quinn Role) and grown children while denying that the very fabric of her self-delusion is stretched as far as it can go. It's a small film, but like Ritt's
the Black Orchid (which would make for a nice double feature), it's a reminder that there's still small pleasures in small films. Mann ends the decade with
the Last Angry Man (1959), a self-important farewell to a self-important actor, Paul Muni. I like Muni a lot, but this adaptation of a popular novel is so plainly calculated and baldly presented that it's hard to stomach. Tolerance for Muni's most indulgent actorly instincts will gauge enjoyment, I suspect.
OTTO PREMINGER
Where the Sidewalk Ends (1950) R1 Fox
the 13th Letter (1951) No commercial release
Angel Face (1952) R1 Warners (OOP)
the Moon is Blue (1953) R1 Warners Archive
River of No Return (1954) R1 Fox
Carmen Jones (1954) R1 Fox
the Man With the Golden Arm (1955) PD (R1 Warners best quality)
the Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell (1955) R1 Artisan (OOP)
Saint Joan (1957) R1 Warners Archive
Bonjour Tristesse (1958) R1 Sony (OOP)
Porgy and Bess (1959) No commercial release
Anatomy of a Murder (1959) R1 Criterion
Otto Preminger finishes cycling through his noir stage with
Where the Sidewalk Ends (1950),
the 13th Letter (1951), and
Angel Face (1952).
Where the Sidewalk Ends is another pairing between Dana Andrews and Gene Tierney that ranks somewhere in the middle of their output, and as a noir the same could be said. Remaking
Le corbeau was probably never a good idea, but
The 13th Letter gives it a shot, though the Code makes the resultant mess virtually indecipherable. A strangely extended set-piece at a church shows Preminger's nascent interest in Catholicism that would later manifest itself in
the Cardinal. The best of this tail-end cycle is
Angel Face, that pitch-black pairing of Robert Mitchum and Jean Simmons that grows in esteem proportional to one's ability to think back on it-- like many great films that sneak up you, this one is outwardly engaging but retrospectively masterful. The same could be said (to a lesser degree) for
The Moon is Blue (1953), Preminger's last attempt at channeling Lubitsch (and who better, really, given he already literally did it twice!). The material isn't particularly funny, but even though he doesn't "open it up," Preminger's stylistic virtuosity makes the resultant Broadway adaptation anything but stage bound.
Preminger followed with two weak genre pics:
River of No Return (1954), a Western, and
Camern Jones (1954), a musical. Counter to his prowess in noir, Preminger never seems comfortable in these genres, and the boredom comes across. Boredom played a part in his next two films as well, but to better results.
The Man With the Golden Arm (1955) is Preminger's cheeky take on a social problem pic, and Preminger treats the whole "serious" addiction track with constant bemusement. Preminger is just about the last person I'd expect to take a flag-waving stance, so his
the Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell (1955) never threatens to become as ridiculous or self-important as it could. Indeed, Preminger's boredom with the material here works wonders, as he gets playful-- and cruel. Poor Gary Cooper flounders in Preminger's long takes and the early scenes in the film are particularly unflattering to the actor. Of course, an old hand like Charles Bickford takes these sequences in stride, and perhaps that's Preminger's point… An interesting (and preferable) dry-run for
Anatomy of a Murder.
Before it inspired Billie Jean Davy to cut her hair and become a folk hero (if only all 80s movies featured extended sequences wherein the characters watched Preminger films-- I can see it now, Vernon wheels in a TV/VCR combo on a cart and makes the Breakfast Club watch
Exodus),
Saint Joan (1957) was an audacious publicity stunt that bit the director when no one liked his starlet. Time has been kinder to both Jean Seberg and the film, and indeed I think it's the best work of both this decade. Seberg is molded and moved with the expert's touch, and meanwhile a master like Richard Widmark uses the director's distraction to let his zaniest performance ever slip through undiluted-- I'm not sure I've ever used "zany" seriously, but if any role merited such distinction… Never one to admit defeat, Preminger defied the critics and public by casting Seberg in the lead of
Bonjour Tristesse (1958), a youthful excursion into vanity and teenage romantic logic that hit the
Cahiers crew very hard, even if it didn't do much here in the states.
As a holy grail film,
Porgy and Bess (1959) was probably always bound to disappoint, but Preminger's vigorous disinterest here is perplexing: the entire film is shot in medium and long shot, but rather than recreating the Broadway experience, this traps the viewer in a muddled hell of bad sets and anonymous figures on the screen. The result universalizes what should be specified. And finally,
Anatomy of a Murder (1959), Preminger's epic courtroom tale that presents a contentious case with the cold detachment he's (unduly, perhaps) known best for-- this isn't Preminger's best work, but Preminger's visual dynamism as ever reigns large, and this too has grown to esteem by time.
Still to come: Frank Capra, John Huston, Fritz Lang, Anthony Mann, Delbert Mann, Vincente Minnelli, Mark Robson, Fred Zinnemann